Taylor & Francis Archives

Editorial Desk February 1, 2021

How Elsevier Evolved in the Face of Threat from Open

Interview with Laura Hassink, Senior Vice President of Publishing Transformation at Elsevier

Editorial Desk February 1, 2021

The Latest Trend Adopted by Traditional Publishers

How publishers went from resisting open access to making it a profitable model

Editorial Desk February 1, 2021

Enabling an Evolving Publication Ecosystem

Interview with F1000 Research's Managing Director, Rebecca Lawrence

img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important}:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap !important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal !important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-color]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#0693e3 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,#fcb900 0%,#ff6900 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,#ff6900 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px #fff,6px 6px #000;--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px #000}:where(body){margin:0}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.is-layout-flex>:is(*, div){margin:0}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid}.is-layout-grid>:is(*, div){margin:0}body{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color:#32373c;border-width:0;color:#fff;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding-top:calc(.667em + 2px);padding-right:calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom:calc(.667em + 2px);padding-left:calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none;text-transform:inherit}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions{background-color:#fff}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions a{border-color:#fff}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions a,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:hover,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:focus,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:link:hover,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:link:focus{background-color:#007bff}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-current-language:hover>a,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-current-language>a:focus{background-color:#fff}body{background:#fff}.main-container{background:#fff}body{font-style:normal;font-size:16px;font-weight:400}h1,h2{font-style:normal;font-weight:700}h3{font-style:normal;font-weight:700}h4,h5{font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.blog-sidebar .widget,.blog-sidebar .recentcomments,blog-sidebar ul li,.blog-sidebar .search-group{text-align:left}.footer{background:#17222b}body .container,.elementor-section.elementor-section-boxed>.elementor-container{max-width:1260px !important}.heateor_sss_button_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg,a.heateor_sss_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg{background:radial-gradient(circle at 30% 107%,#fdf497 0,#fdf497 5%,#fd5949 45%,#d6249f 60%,#285aeb 90%)}div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#e4e5e6 !important}div.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#e4e5e6}div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span:hover{background:#1091ff !important}div.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span:hover{background:#1091ff}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container .heateor_sss_svg{background-color:#e4e5e6 !important;background:#e4e5e6 !important;color:#626161;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent}div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg svg:hover path:not(.heateor_sss_no_fill),div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg svg:hover ellipse,div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg svg:hover circle,div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg svg:hover polygon,div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg svg:hover rect:not(.heateor_sss_no_fill){fill:#fff}div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg svg:hover path.heateor_sss_svg_stroke,div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg svg:hover rect.heateor_sss_svg_stroke{stroke:#fff}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{background-color:#1091ff !important;background:#1091ff !important;color:#fff;border-color:transparent}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg{color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{border-color:transparent}@media screen and (max-width:783px){.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{display:none !important}}.ae_data .elementor-editor-element-setting{display:none !important}#element-ready-header-builder .element-ready-header-nav{display:none}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important}@media screen and (max-height: 1024px){.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important}}@media screen and (max-height: 640px){.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important}}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important}.social_shares{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between}.social_shares a{flex:30.33% 0 0}.author-social-share{justify-content:flex-end}@media (max-width: 767px){.social_shares a{flex:47% 0 0}.author-social-share{justify-content:flex-start}}.social_shares .single_social{white-space:nowrap}.elementor-widget-container .tab-content.padding15{padding:0}.elementor-widget-container ul.nav.nav-tabs{margin-bottom:20px !important;padding-bottom:17px}.elementor-widget-container .widget__post__tab__style__3 h4 a{font-size:18px}.elementor-widget-container .widget.tab_widgets .single_post .post_img{border-radius:5px;overflow:hidden;height:70px}.elementor-widget-container .widget.tab_widgets .border_black{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.widget_tab ul li a{font-size:12px}.elementor-widget-container .tab4.padding20.border-radious5.shadow7{box-shadow:0 0 0;padding:0}.single_post_text .meta4 a{text-transform:uppercase;color:#1091ff;opacity:1}a.cat.news-top-cate{position:absolute;left:0;top:20px;background:#1091ff;display:inline-block;padding:4px 20px;border-radius:0 50px 50px 0;font-size:14px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;font-weight:500;color:#fff}.type10 .post_img{height:auto}.theme-4 .slick-current .single_news_list .cat{color:#3e55c1 !important}@media screen and (max-width: 992px){a.menu-toggle.full{top:0px}}@media (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 992px){.theme-4{margin-bottom:30px}}.popular_items.scroll_bar::-webkit-scrollbar,.video4_list.scroll_bar::-webkit-scrollbar{background:#ddd;border-radius:5px;width:3px}.popular_items.scroll_bar::-webkit-scrollbar-track,.video4_list.scroll_bar::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:#ddd;border-radius:50px}.popular_items.scroll_bar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,.video4_list.scroll_bar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:linear-gradient(#f55,#ab50ef);border-radius:5px;outline:0}.elementor-widget-container .single_post.widgets_small.widgets_type4{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0;align-content:center}.elementor-widget-container .single_post.widgets_small.widgets_type4 .post_img.number{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;border:3px solid #e7e8e9;border-radius:50%;width:48px;height:48px;top:0;margin-top:0;position:relative;min-width:48px;margin-right:30px;left:15px}.theme-4 .single_news_list span{margin-right:10px}.elementor-widget-container .single_post.widgets_small.widgets_type4 .number h2{font-size:32px;line-height:32px}.elementor-widget-container .single_post.widgets_small.widgets_type4 .row{display:none}.theme-4.widget__post__tab__style__3 .space-20{display:none}.hm4-list-post .border4,.tatal_videos4 .border4,.theme-4 .tab-content .border4,.style1 .tab_widgets .border_black,.download_btn .border_black,.footer_more_news .border_black,.sports_wrap .sport_buttom .border4{margin:5px 0}.widget-title:after{width:80px;height:3px;content:"";background:#1091ff;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:-2px;z-index:9}.widget-title{padding-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid #dee2e6;width:100%}a.cat{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px}.post_type3 .single_post_text .post-p{opacity:1}.qs_newsp_post-item-5:hover .more-btn{margin-top:20px}.more-btn{transition:.3s}.elementor-element.elementor-element-edit-mode.elementor-element-4740fd3 .meta.meta_separator1 a.cat{border-right:2px solid #fff;line-height:1}.elementor-element-b457dbf p.meta.meta_style4{padding-left:0}.elementor-element.elementor-element-4740fd3.elementor-widget.elementor-widget-newsprk-video-popup a.cat{border-right:2px solid #fff;line-height:1}.theme-4 .single_post:hover .single_post_text a{transition:all .3s;color:#1091ff}.footer.style2 .single_post.widgets_small .single_post_text{display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-direction:column}.footer.style2 .single_post.widgets_small .single_post_text .meta2{order:3;margin-top:5px}.footer.style2 .single_post.widgets_small .img_wrap{border-radius:5px}.footer.style2 .single_post.widgets_small{display:flex}.footer.style2 .single_post.widgets_small .single_post_text .meta2 a:after{transform:rotate(-15deg)}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 992px){.elementor-widget-newsprk-overlay-grid-post .elementor-widget-container>.row>.col-lg-4:last-child{display:none}article.post.layout-3{padding:0 10%}}.footer .widget-section{padding-top:60px}.footer.style2 .widget-area{padding-top:20px}.footer .copyright{margin-top:10px}.theme-3 .post_type15 .single_post_text a{font-weight:400}.post_type15.post-card-1 .tranding{line-height:20px}.elementor-element-f5cd354 .qs_newsp_post-item-5:hover .more-btn{margin-top:0}.qs_newsp_post-item-5:hover .er-news-content{margin-bottom:25px !important}.qs_newsp_post-item-5 .post-item-content{border:0px solid transparent;border-top:0}.qs_newsp_post-item-5:hover .post-item-content{border:1px solid #e8e8e8;border-top:0}.sidebar .widget.carbon_fields_theme_widget_post_tab{margin-bottom:30px}.sidebar .widget.widget_search{margin-bottom:40px}.sidebar .widget.carbon_fields_theme_widget_tranding_news_slider{margin-bottom:-10px}.home-num .tab-content{padding-left:20px}.widget-title:after{width:80px !important;background:#060606}#quomodo-footer-builder li{list-style:none}#quomodo-footer-builder ul{padding-left:15px}.blog-single .post-single .page_comments .cat .post-cat{color:#626161;text-decoration:underline}.page_comments li i{color:#626161}.breadcrumb .fa-home{color:#626161}.single_post_text .meta3 a:first-child{color:#626161;text-decoration:underline}.single_post_text .meta4 a{color:#626161}.single_post_text .meta2 a:first-child{color:#626161;text-decoration:underline}.blog-single .post-single .author__data a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.blog-single .post-single a{color:#626161;text-decoration:underline}.single_post_text .meta4 a:nth-child(2){text-transform:none}.author__data{padding:2.5%}.theme-1{box-shadow:none !important}.page_comments li i.fal.fa-clock{display:none}.archives .breadcrumb{display:none}.author__data{padding:0%}article.post.layout-3{padding:0 15%}article.post.layout-4{padding:0 15%}@media only screen and (max-width: 600px){article.post.layout-3{padding:0 5%}article.post.layout-4{padding:0 5%}}.wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown a.wpml-ls-item-toggle:after{right:auto !important}.wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown a span{padding-right:10px}@media not all and (min-resolution:.001dpcm){@supports (-webkit-appearance:none) and (stroke-color:transparent){.premium-blog-thumb-effect-wrapper{width:35%}}}.meta3 .date,.meta__comment{pointer-events:none}.single_post_text .meta2 a:last-child{pointer-events:none}a.post__date{pointer-events:none}html[lang="jp"] .single-post .quomodo-content-container p{line-height:32px;letter-spacing:2px}html[lang="jp"] .elementor-text-editor.elementor-clearfix p{line-height:32px;letter-spacing:2px}.single-post .quomodo-content-container{padding:0 30px}html[lang="jp"] .single-post .quomodo-content-container{padding:0 35px}.privacy-sci{background-color:#ecedee;padding:25px}.srpw-img img{border-radius:5px}.srpw-block a.srpw-title{font-size:18px;font-weight:600}.srpw-content{display:grid}#element-ready-header-builder .element-ready-header-nav{display:inherit}